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 Shipping and Logistics - Level 4 Diploma (RQF)

This course is now regulated by Ofqual specially designed for students who wish to learn how international trade operates, and how increased exports can help GDP. The course outlines clearly how imports and exports may be handled in a practical way.

This course is closely related to Maritime Management, international business, and globalisation.

Entry Qualifications
Students must have a good knowledge of the English Language. No other formal qualifications are required though 4 GCSE's or their equivalent must have been achieved.

Duration of course
The duration of the course is 24 weeks. There is normally only one intake of students per year, commencing in late September and ending in March the following year.

Syllabus
There are five units:

Shipping and Logistics - Level 4 Diploma

There are 5 subjects delivered over a 24-week period so you can qualify for a Diploma from ABMA at level 4. The subjects are:

Unit 1 - Introduction to Shipping Practice

Unit 2 - Introduction to International Maritime Logistics

Unit 3 - Introduction to Shipping Insurance and Salvage

Unit 4 - The movement of dangerous goods

Unit 5 - Overseas Trade Law

Assessment and Grading Criteria

The units for this qualification are assessed via examination.

In order to pass each of the units, learners are required to demonstrate that they can meet the stated learning outcomes outlined in the syllabus. Learners must study and understand the full unit content as any part of this could be tested during the examination.

Each question in an examination is weighted at 20% of the total marks. It is the accumulated total of marks for each question which will determine if a learner has achieved a Pass, Merit or Distinction for the unit. Marks of 39% or less will be graded as a Fail. A learner must achieve a minimum mark of:

  • 40% to achieve a Pass
  • 60% to achieve a Merit
  • 75% to achieve a Distinction

Unit 1 - Introduction to Shipping Practice

Unit Aim - the aim of this unit is to give learners a fundamental understanding of the shipping industry as a whole. This unit, therefore, should be taught at the beginning off the course as it serves as an introduction for the qualification. Upon completing this unit, the learner will be equipped with the knowledge and understanding from which they can build upon through achieving the learning outcomes for the remaining units

Unit Objectives

On successful completion of this unit, the learner will be equipped with a fundamental knowledge and understanding of shipping practice. Learners will be introduced to the different areas/aspects of shipping including importing and exporting practice, shipping finance, the different third parties and operators who work in the industry, as well as the different types of shipping organisations.

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this unit a learner will be able to:

  1. Describe the fundamental elements of shipping
  2. Describe importing and exporting practice
  3. Apply the principles of international trade finance to the shipping industry
  4. Analyse the roles and responsibilities of the parties and operators involved in shipping practice
  5. Evaluate the roles of organisations overseeing shipping practice and vessel management

Indicative Content

Learning Outcome 1: Describe the fundamental elements of shipping

Whichever part of the shipping industry an individual works in, it is important for them to understand how all the different elements are linked and how each can impact the shipping industry. This learning outcome will introduce learners to the overall shipping process and the regulations which govern the industry. Learners will gain an awareness of the environmental issues and contemporary concerns surrounding the shipping industry. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. The shipping industry
  2. Overview of the shipping process
  3. The effect of shipping on the environment
  4. Government policy and regulation of the shipping industry
  5. Environmental sustainability
  6. Banking and financial practices

Learning Outcome 2: Describe importing and exporting practice

Importing and exporting forms the core of the shipping industry. This learning outcome addresses Incoterms and their importance, as well as the different parties involved in importing and exporting. Furthermore, learners will gain an understanding of the various documentation which are part of the importing and exporting process. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. International Commercial Terms (Incoterms)
  2. Shipment arrangements and shipping documentation
  3. Customs clearance and calculation and payment of duties and taxes
  4. Submission of information to the carrier, freight forwarder and Customs
  5. Receipt of consignment and other record keeping
  6. Maintenance of internal company records to show all import and export transactions

Learning Outcome 3: Apply the principles of international trade finance to the shipping industry

Finance plays an integral part in any industry and being aware of the key factors will help learners appreciate the importance of finance in various parts of the shipping industry. The content of this learning outcome will provide learners the opportunity to understand different financial documents as well as the different roles played by banks and other financial institutions, all in relation to international trade. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Importance and function of each type of document used in international trade, including the limitations of liability
  2. Insurance document raised by the insurance company
  3. Bill of lading raised by the carrier
  4. Role of banks and other finance institutions in international trade finance
  5. Suitability of each type of finance related to the relationship between the seller and buyer
  6. Impact of national policy and financial and fiscal controls on trade

Learning Outcome 4: Analyse the roles and responsibilities of the parties and operators involved in shipping practice

This learning outcome will encourage learners to consider the differing roles and responsibilities in importing and exporting and how their functions relate to each other.Learners will develop an appreciation of other third parties and operators and of their functions and duties, such as that of freight forwarders and carriers. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Importers and Exporters
  2. Freight forwarders and carriers
  3. Differences between a freight forwarder and a logistics provider
  4. Consolidators and ‘non-vessel operating common carriers’ (NVOCC)
  5. Structure of shipping companies
  6. How the parties and operators work together

Learning Outcome 5: Evaluate the roles of organisations overseeing shipping practice and vessel management

This learning outcome introduces learners to different organisations involved in shipping. The learner will understand the roles played by vessel management companies and liner/shipping agents, as well as port control, health and customs authorities. Learners will be able to evaluate the relative importance of the authorities and the interaction between them. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Shipping companies, classification societies and flags of convenience (FOC)
  2. Vessel management companies
  3. Liner/shipping agents in international ports
  4. Ship chandlers
  5. Stevedoring agencies
  6. Port control, health and customs authorities

Unit 2 – Introduction to International Maritime Logistics

Unit Aim - the aim of this unit is to give learners an understanding of international maritime logistics. Upon completion of this unit, learners will have a sound understanding of how of this industry functions. The learner, therefore, will be equipped with the knowledge to apply their learning in in the workplace, and will, amongst other skills, be able to understand and apply legal terminologies used in the international sale of goods.

Unit Objectives

To achieve this aim, the content of this unit covers knowledge and understanding of present- day logistical processes in the shipping industry. Learners will be taught the fundamentals of international logistics, the relevance of Incoterms including the obligations of the seller/buyer under these terms, how the international supply chain functions, international trade logistics and warehousing including inventory control systems.

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this unit a learner will be able to:

  1. Explain the fundamental elements of international logistics
  2. Apply the Incoterms to international trade
  3. Discuss the role of the supply chain in international trade
  4. Evaluate the elements of logistics as they apply to international trade
  5. Analyse the purpose of warehousing and managing inventory

Indicative Content

Learning Outcome 1: Explain the fundamental elements of international logistics

The core purpose of shipping is the movement of goods. In order to efficiently and effectively move goods, logistical processes need to be refined, and this includes the modes of transport used. This learning outcome will help the learners understand the fundamentals of the logistics process and in turn, be introduced to the international supply chain. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. An introduction to logistics
  2. The fundamentals of international supply chain
  3. An introduction to multi-modalism
  4. An introduction to containerisation
  5. An introduction to container loads (including FCLs, LCLs, consolidation and groupage)
  6. An introduction to in gauge, out of gauge and breakbulk cargo

Learning Outcome 2: Apply the Incoterms to international trade

Much of the shipping industry relies on trade. The Incoterms are therefore critical in the business of shipping to ensure that all parties involved understand their obligations and how they are legally protected if things go wrong. Through the content of this learning outcome, learners will develop an understanding of what the Incoterms are and how they work in practice. This learning outcome will also allow the learners to appreciate how each of the Incoterms can be applied. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Definition of all the Incoterms
  2. Origin and development of the Incoterms
  3. Role of the Incoterms in international trade
  4. Operation of the Incoterms in defining payment terms
  5. Operation of the Incoterms in defining when risk transfers between parties
  6. Application of the Incoterms

Learning Outcome 3: Discuss the role of the supply chain in international trade

The supply chain makes up a large part of logistics. Learners will be encouraged, through this learning outcome, to understand the supply chain and the different components within it. Learners will be introduced to the different parties involved and how they work together. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Components of the supply chain
  2. Link between suppliers and customers
  3. Primary and secondary suppliers
  4. Primary and secondary customers
  5. Goods in transit
  6. Work in progress

Learning Outcome 4: Evaluate the logistical factors which should be considered in international trade

There are many elements which need to be considered when using logistics in international trade. This learning outcome will give learners an opportunity to understand the ways in which goods can be moved, the pros and cons of these transport methods, the associated costs, the parties involved and their roles, and the interactions between these parties. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Means of moving goods
  2. Relative costs for the movement of goods
  3. Expediency and convenience of delivery
  4. Logistics providers and freight forwarders
  5. Multi-modalism
  6. Role of the non-vessel operating common carrier (NVOCC)

Learning Outcome 5: Analyse the purpose of warehousing and managing inventory

A big part of international maritime logistics is the storing of goods. When storing goods, there are a number of elements which need to be kept in mind. This learning outcome will give learners an appreciation of why warehousing is used, storing goods in an appropriate manner and the importance of managing the goods which are stored. Learners will also gain an understanding of inventory and the different technical systems which manage inventories. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Warehousing and the different types
  2. Appropriate storage methods
  3. The importance of inventory
  4. Different inventory Systems
  5. Materials management
  6. Interrelationships between warehousing, storage and inventory

Unit 3 – Introduction to Shipping Insurance and Salvage

Unit Aim - this unit has been designed to introduce the learner to the basic principles of shipping insurance and salvage and how these are applied. The learner will be equipped with the knowledge and understanding of the types of insurances available and, upon completion of this unit, the learner will be able to apply what they have learned in the workplace, for example, if they are required to take out and review shipping insurance policies, process claims or work with or as a salvor.

Unit Objectives

To achieve this aim, learners will be taught about how insurance works in the different types of shipping trades, namely; container, dry bulk and liquid bulk. Learners will also be taught the types of agreements that are used when vessels are chartered including the obligations of the different parties involved. Learners will also learn about why it is important to have adequate marine insurance in place prior to voyage and the role of salvage available should an incident occur.

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this unit a learner will be able to:

  1. Describe the principles of container shipping and insurance
  2. Describe the principles of dry and liquid bulk shipping and insurance
  3. Analyse vessel chartering
  4. Evaluate the importance of marine insurance
  5. Explain the importance of insuring against loss and the function of salvage

Indicative Content

Learning Outcome 1: Describe the principles of container shipping and insurance

The shipping industry is incredibly diverse and offers a range of services, one such service is container shipping. Learners will learn that the container market facilitates the shipping of small parcels to bulk manufactured goods. Having an appreciation of the container market and how containerised items are shipped will help learners to develop an understanding of how these goods are insured when transported. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Liner and tramp trades
  2. Container versus breakbulk sectors
  3. Container lines, routes operated and allocation of containers to shippers
  4. Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit (TEU) and Forty-Foot Equivalent Unit (FEU), Full Container Load (FCL) and Less-than Container Load (LCL)
  5. Different container vessels, capacity of vessels and stowage plans, tallying cargo, draft surveys and draft marks, stowage and hatch surveys
  6. Processing potential cargo insurance claims against the carrier or shipper due to loss or damage in transit

Learning Outcome 2: Describe the principles of dry and liquid bulk shipping and insurance

Dry and liquid bulk shipping forms a major sector in the shipping industry. Consequently, it is important for learners to develop an appreciation of this sector in order to be able to understand how insurance applies. This learning outcome is designed to give learners an insight to both the dry and liquid bulk sectors, how these sectors transport their goods, the types of claims made and the measures put in place to reduce insurance claims. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Types of dry bulk carriers
  2. Dry major bulk and minor bulk commodities and the vessels used to transport them
  3. Types of liquid bulk carriers
  4. Liquid bulk cargo and the vessels used to transport them
  5. Types of dry and liquid bulk insurance claims
  6. Features of dry and liquid bulk vessels including safety, loading, storage and unloading requirements to minimise/negate insurance claims being made

Learning Outcome 3: Analyse vessel chartering

Not all shippers own their own vessels. This is where vessel chartering comes in. Both charterers and the vessel owner must ensure that they have the correct documentation in place in order to determine, where necessary, liability. This learning outcome will, amongst others, introduce learners to the concept of vessel chartering, the different types of charter party agreements and how these relate to insurance. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. The different chartering agreements, including their structures and applicability
  2. Obligations of ship owners, operators, shipbrokers and shippers of bulk cargoes
  3. Legal and commercial responsibilities of parties in such an agreement
  4. Application of each type of charter party agreement to different kinds of bulk transport
  5. Circumstances under which each type of agreement should be used and the documentation required for each type of contract
  6. Party responsible for the contract of insurance when engaged in chartering

Learning Outcome 4: Evaluate the importance of marine insuranceIt is essential that when goods are being shipped, they are accompanied with the right insurance documentation. This learning outcome is designed to give learners a fundamental understanding of shipping insurance and the concepts which underpin these documents. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Insurable interest
  2. Principle of Uberrimae Fidei (utmost good faith)
  3. Indemnity and subrogation
  4. Underwriting and insurance brokerage, Institute of London Cargo Clauses A, B and C
  5. Role of Lloyd’s of London and Protection & Indemnity (P&I) Clubs and their levels of liability
  6. Hull & Machinery (H&M) insurance, Protection & Indemnity (P&I) insurance, their similarities and differences

Learning Outcome 5: Explain the importance of insuring against loss and the function of salvage

The shipping industry, like any industry is susceptible to risks. During voyages, vessels may encounter any number of risks including the loss of cargo and damage. It is important therefore that the industry has measures in place to insure against such losses as well as contingency processes in order to salvage a vessel. This learning outcome introduces learners to the concepts of loss, averages, salvage and the different types of salvage. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Principles and application of Total Loss and Partial Loss
  2. York-Antwerp Rules: General Average and the nature of peril
  3. The role of the General Average Adjuster and how General Average is declared/calculated
  4. Particular Average versus General Average
  5. Pure salvage and contract salvage
  6. Function of the Lloyd’s Open Form

Unit 4 – Movement of Dangerous Goods

Unit Aim - this unit is designed to provide learners with the knowledge and understanding of how dangerous goods are transported. With this knowledge, learners will be able to practically apply what they have been taught in the workplace under supervision, and will understand the relevance and importance of the safety measures and protocols that are in place when working with dangerous and hazardous materials.

Unit Objectives

The unit introduces the learner to many aspects of the movement of dangerous goods. It covers the movement of hazardous and dangerous goods both before loading and on board vessels and how the principles of moving these goods are applied, including practice and procedures. It also explores the various types of dangerous and hazardous goods, their classification, packaging and movement.

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this unit a learner will be able to:

  1. Explain the fundamentals of the movement of dangerous goods
  2. Analyse the different types of dangerous goods and how they should be handled
  3. Analyse the movement of dangerous goods operations
  4. Evaluate shipping precautions and procedures concerning the movement of dangerous goods
  5. Apply the process of accurate documentation and labelling to dangerous goods

Indicative Content

Learning Outcome 1: Explain the fundamentals of the movement of dangerous s goods

Sometimes dangerous and/or hazardous materials need to be shipped. Consequently, it is important that the shipping industry has an internationally recognised code which shippers and other handlers must comply with to ensure such products are handled and transported safely and securely. This learning outcome introduces learner to the safety protocols that underpin the movement of dangerous goods. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Defining and describing dangerous and hazardous goods
  2. SOLAS Chapter VII and the International Movement of Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code
  3. IMDG Classes (including labels, marks and signs) and United Nations (UN) Classification Numbers
  4. Dangerous goods and Marine Pollution (MARPOL) 73/78 Convention
  5. Dangerous Goods (DG) Note
  6. Document of Compliance (DOC) and Safety Management Certificate (SMC)

Learning Outcome 2: Analyse the different types of dangerous goods and how they should be handled

When handling dangerous goods, it is important to have an appreciation of the safety procedures that need to be followed. This learning outcome introduces learners to the different forms of dangerous goods and how these should be handled. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Types of dangerous goods, solids, liquids, gases
  2. Handling, transferring and storing solids, liquids gases
  3. MFAG and EmS schedule in the IMDG code supplement
  4. Types of vessels used to carry dangerous goods
  5. Procedures involved in the handling and transfer of dangerous goods in bulk by tanker
  6. Procedures involved in the handling of dangerous goods by container

Learning Outcome 3: Analyse the movement of dangerous goods operations

When working with dangerous goods, it is important to understand the different types of packaging used for different types of products. Dangerous goods also need to be loaded and stored in specific ways when being transported in order to maintain the safety of the goods and the crew/handlers who work with these goods. Through completing this learning outcome, learners will gain an appreciation of the methods used to load, store, transport and unload goods as well understand the UN classification codes. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Packaging used to carry dangerous goods
  2. Methods of moving dangerous goods
  3. Method of loading and storage of dangerous cargo aboard container vessels versus non-dangerous cargo
  4. How to use the IMDG Code in practice, Emergency Schedules (EmS) and Medical First Aid Guide (MFAG)
  5. Packaging, marking, labelling, handling, stowage and documentation including the considerations concerning pressure and temperature for gases and flammable liquids
  6. Use of United Nations (UN) Classification Numbers

Learning Outcome 4: Evaluate shipping precautions and procedures concerning the movement of dangerous goods

Dangerous goods must be handled with care and expert knowledge. Through this learning outcome, learners will understand that there are special procedures in the handling and movement of dangerous goods; including how and where they are stored on a vessel. The learner will also gain an understanding of the implications of incorrect storage and the importance of following relevant codes and procedures for when incidents occur. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Safe storage and segregation of dangerous goods on board a vessel
  2. Regular inspections of facilities
  3. Stowage error/negligence and the consequences of this
  4. Types of injuries/harm that can result from stowage error/negligence
  5. Codes, procedures and records for safety and if accidents occur
  6. Safety equipment used when working with dangerous goods

Learning Outcome 5: Apply the process of accurate documentation and labelling to dangerous goods

It is important that anyone involved in handling and shipping of dangerous goods knows what documentation is necessary. This learning outcome will introduce the learner to the various documentation required and their functions, as well as the different labelling and identification processes involved. The learners will also develop an appreciation of why these processes are so important and will be conversant with the different aspects of the IMDG Coding system. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Container Packing Certificate
  2. Dangerous Goods Manifest
  3. Other dangerous goods documentation
  4. Documentation requirements and exemptions for transporting dangerous goods of different quantities
  5. Placards and labelling to determine nature and identification of dangerous goods
  6. Transport Emergency Card (TREMcard)

Unit 5 – Overseas Trade Law

Unit Aim - The unit aims to introduce the learner to overseas trade law. It covers the legal aspects of shipping and international trade by looking at the various types of laws, contracts, rules and regulations which govern overseas trade. Having completed this unit, learners will be equipped with an underlying knowledge of overseas trade law which is key when working within the shipping industry.

Unit Objectives

Learners are introduced to the common legal terms used in overseas trade law. They also learn about the different types of contracts, mainly Free on Board (FOB) and Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF), and the implications of each type of contract on the seller and buyer. Additionally, learners are taught the different rules which govern the carriage of goods by sea and the relevance of each in the overseas trade, as well as European law. Furthermore, learners will explore the potential implications of Brexit.

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this unit a learner will be able to:

  1. Explain the legal terminology of overseas trade and basic contract components
  2. Explain shipping agency
  3. Explain differences between FOB and CIF contracts
  4. Apply different national and international laws to the carriage of goods by sea
  5. Analyse European legislation in relation to international trade

Indicative Content

Learning Outcome 1: Explain the legal terminology of overseas trade and basic contract components

As with most businesses, in order for both the buyer and seller to protect themselves, a contract needs to be drawn up so that each party knows what they are responsible for and what they are liable for. Within the shipping industry, there are several different contracts that can be used. This learning outcome will introduce learners to the basic contracts used in shipping. They will also be taught the fundamental rules which underpin some of these contracts. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Components of the basic contract
  2. Offer and acceptance, consideration, implied terms
  3. Free on Board (FOB) contracts and Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF) contracts
  4. International rules and conventions relating to carriage by sea
  5. Legislation and legal precedent in English Law and English Law in contracts and the resolution of international disputes
  6. UK Consumer Rights legislation

Learning Outcome 2: Explain shipping agency

Often business is conducted through an intermediary and this is especially the case in shipping. When a principal employs an agent through which it conducts its business, it is important that each party is aware of what their roles are and, in particular, what they are responsible for. This learning outcome introduces learners to the principle of agency in shipping and the legal/contractual obligations that the parties have when fulfilling their roles and expectations. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Definition and role of an agency/agent
  2. Different types of agents in shipping
  3. Relationship between the principal and the agent
  4. Relationship between the agent and the third party
  5. Rights and responsibilities of the principal and of the agent in the event of agency disputes
  6. Role of mediators when disputes occur

Learning Outcome 3: Explain differences between FOB and CIF contracts

Although there are many types of basic contracts used in the shipping industry, the two most common contracts used are Free On Board (FOB) and Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF) contracts. This learning outcome looks closely at these two types of contracts and highlights the differences between them. Learners are taught the different stages of the transport process, who is responsible for the shipment at the different stages of the process, and the cost allocations at the different stages. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Principles of FOB contracts
  2. Meaning and implications of FOB under current Incoterms
  3. Principles of CIF contracts
  4. Meaning of and implications of CIF under current Incoterms
  5. Determining which type of contract to use
  6. Rights and responsibilities of the seller and of the buyer under FOB and under CIF

Learning Outcome 4: Apply different national and international laws to the carriage of   goods by sea

Like any industry, the shipping industry has to comply with certain legal requirements. In shipping, as vessels move in and out of different territories, operators must comply with both their own national laws relating to the carriage of goods by sea as well as the international regulations that are in place. This learning outcome introduces learners to these rules and regulations including:

  1. National law concerning the carriage of goods by sea
  2. International rules, their evolution, implementation and the incorporation of rules into UK Acts concerning the carriage of goods by sea
  3. Differences between the rules and their applicability
  4. Countries that have attached/will attach each rule to their national maritime legal systems
  5. Duties and responsibilities of the vessel’s master according to the rules
  6. Carriers’ liability for the loss or damage of cargo whilst in transit under the rules

Learning Outcome 5: Analyse European legislation in relation to international trade

European legislation forms the backbone of European trade and shipping especially in terms of free movement and free trade. The agreements that European legislation has put in place help to open up trade within the EU. However, given the UK’s decision to break from Europe, access to free markets needs to be (re)established to ensure a smooth transition for the UK shipping industry. This learning outcome introduces learners to the history of the European single market, the benefits that having access to the single market has, as well as the implications of Brexit. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Origins of the Treaty of Rome
  2. The Treaty of Rome 1957
  3. Purpose of the Treaty and the effects of the Treaty on the shipping industry
  4. Creation of the European Union (EU) and the single market by the Single European Act 1986
  5. Implications of Brexit
  6. Development of free trade agreements and their impact on the shipping industry

Alternative optional units

Unit 6 – Environmental Issues

Unit Aim - this unit introduces learners to the environmental concerns related to the shipping industry and the measures put in place to mitigate these concerns. Upon completing this unit, learners will be able to apply the conventions and protocols learned to the workplace environment. For example, learners will understand how to control a vessel’s speed and, by extension, its Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions.

Unit Objectives

This unit introduces learners to the issues and concerns that surround the shipping industry and the environment. Learners will be taught MARPOL and other conventions and protocols which have been implemented to reduce, or altogether negate, marine pollution. Learners will explore the different kinds of pollution and the effects each have on the environment. Learners will also be taught the subsequent measures and technological developments to control pollutants/emissions.

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this unit a learner will be able to:

  1. Analyse the impact of shipping emissions on the environment
  2. Analyse the impact of shipping pollutants on the environment
  3. Analyse the conventions and initiatives in place to address the impact of shipping emissions and pollutants on the environment
  4. Analyse how conventions and initiatives affect the shipping industry
  5. Analyse how conventions and initiatives affect vessel construction

Indicative Content

Learning Outcome 1: Analyse the impact of shipping emissions on the environment

Like most machines, vessels, when operated, release emissions. The impact the shipping industry has on the environment is huge. This learning outcome will provide learners with an understanding of the different types of emissions expelled by vessels and the effects that these emissions have on the environment. Learners will be introduced to content including: Different types of vessel emissions

  1. The different environments affected by emissions
  2. The effects of vessel emissions on the different environments
  3. The importance of combatting the effect of vessel emissions
  4. Company policies on the protection of the environment from shipping emissions
  5. International regulatory framework to combat the effects of vessel emissions

Learning Outcome 2: Analyse the impact of shipping pollutants on the environment

As well as the standard emissions expelled by vessels, the shipping industry is also responsible for a number of pollutants – either accidentally expelled or as a by-product of ship operations – being released in the environment. Through the content of this learning outcome, learners will learn about the common pollutants that are associated with the shipping industry, the reasons why these pollutants are introduced into the environment and the impact these pollutants have on the environment. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Different types of vessel pollutants including dangerous goods
  2. Vessel operations that contribute to marine pollution including spillages, leaks and dumping
  3. The different environments affected by pollutants
  4. The effects vessel pollutants have on the different environments
  5. The importance of combatting the effects of vessel pollutants
  6. Company policies on the protection of environment from shipping pollutants

Learning Outcome 3: Analyse the conventions and initiatives in place to address the impact of shipping emissions and pollutants on the environment

In order to try and protect the environment and to mitigate, negate or minimise the release of vessel emissions and pollutants, there are number of national and international conventions and initiatives that have been written to address this. In this learning outcome, learners are introduced to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the role that they play in working with countries all over the world to help develop, generate, and implement these conventions in order to help protect the environment. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. The role of the IMO in relation to the environment
  2. Initiatives and frameworks in place to control, manage and combat vessel emissions and pollutants including MARPOL
  3. Countries that have ratified the different conventions and initiatives
  4. UK legislation, Acts of Parliament, Statutory Instruments (SIs) and Marine notices (M- notices)
  5. Application of the initiatives and compliance certification
  6. Monitoring the effectiveness of the initiatives

Learning Outcome 4: Analyse how conventions and initiatives affect the shipping industry

The introduction of the environmental conventions and initiatives has had a huge impact on the shipping industry. These conventions and initiatives call the shipping industry to invest and manage vessel design, manufacturing, operations and maintenance to ensure that they are compliant with the measures that have been put in place. This learning outcome gives learners the opportunity to understand how the industry is impacted by these conventions and initiatives, as well as how the industry has evolved to facilitate and implement these measures. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Costs associated to shipping companies of implementing new initiatives
  2. Technology and technological advancements needed to help improve shipping operations
  3. How conventions and initiatives influence logistics/routes
  4. Human resource (crew) training and certification
  5. SOLAS chapter 2 and chapter 7 Construction and Equipment
  6. IBC Code for the construction and equipment of ships carrying dangerous chemicals in bulk

Learning Outcome 5: Analyse how conventions and initiatives affect vessel construction

The conventions and initiatives that have been implemented often place strict compliance measures on vessel design and construction. The content of this learning outcome will help learners develop a fundamental understanding and appreciation of some of these vessel design requirements and how they help to reduce or altogether remove the release of emissions and pollutants into the environment. Learners will be taught how conventions and initiatives affect vessel construction in terms of:

  1. Engine design
  2. Navigation and guidance
  3. Propulsion and manoeuvring
  4. Control systems
  5. Different types of fuel
  6. Additional equipment

Unit 7 – Port Operations

Unit Aim - the aim of this unit is to introduce learners to ports, how they are operated and the roles that port personnel fulfil in order to ensure the efficient running of the port. Upon completion of this unit, the learner will have a good understanding of port operations and will be able to apply their knowledge within the workplace.

Unit Objectives

To achieve this aim, learners will learn about the principles of port operations including port functions, design and infrastructure. They will also learn about the administration involved in port operations as well as the function of port authorities. Finally, learners will be taught about different port terminals as well as the vital role different port personnel play in the running of a port.

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this unit a learner will be able to:

  1. Explain the principles of port operations
  2. Analyse port documentation and processes
  3. Explain the function of port authorities
  4. Explain the function of terminal operations
  5. Analyse the roles and responsibilities of support activities at a port

Indicative Content

Learning Outcome 1: Explain the principles of port operations

Ports are vital to the shipping industry. Without efficiently established and functioning ports, the ability to import and export goods would be hugely and negatively impacted. This learning outcome is designed to give learners a fundamental understanding of the different types of ports and how they operate. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Different types of ports
  2. Port functions and departments
  3. Operations carried out at a port (based on type of vessel being handled)
  4. Typical port design and physical infrastructure
  5. Relevant health and safety legislation
  6. Problems and challenges associated with port operations

Learning Outcome 2: Analyse port documentation and processes

It is important that goods shipped (both inwards and outwards) are correctly documented for several reasons, for example, so insurance companies know the value of the goods being transported, so that vessel operators and goods handlers know how to load and correctly store goods being transported as well as the application of correct duties on goods. A large part of port operations, therefore, relies heavily on documentation. This learning outcome will introduce learners to the different types of documentation processed at a port and the relevance these documentations have. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Purpose of different port documentation
  2. Different port documentation (import and export)
  3. Port personnel dealing with documentation, administration and operational activities
  4. Processing of different documentation
  5. Dissemination of all port documentation
  6. Port administration and control systems

Learning Outcome 3: Explain the function of port authorities

For a port to operate effectively, it must be resourced and managed properly. Port authorities oversee the running of a port and manages its finances, infrastructure, and its operations. In this learning outcome, learners will gain an awareness of the function of port authorities, the responsibilities that they have and the various roles that they play in port operations. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. History of port authorities
  2. Purpose of port authorities
  3. Legal remit of port authorities
  4. Port authority departments and typical organisational structures
  5. Functional requirements of port authority departments
  6. Organisations involved with port authorities (including port health and governmental organisations)

Learning Outcome 4: Explain the function of terminal operations

Goods that are shipped come in many different forms. Some goods are shipped in their raw form, for example, coal; some goods are in liquid form such as LNG; others are shipped in containers. Ports, therefore, must have different terminals to be able to accept and process the different types of goods being shipped. This learning outcome introduces learners to different types of port terminals and the different types of goods that they process/handle. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Different types of port terminals
  2. Duties of different terminal operators
  3. How terminal operators integrate with and support overall port operations
  4. Types of vessels and cargoes handled
  5. How cargoes are managed, including temporary storage and onward goods transit
  6. Import and export formalities of a port terminal in accordance with government controls

Learning Outcome 5: Analyse the roles and responsibilities of support activities at a port

When a vessel is in port, leaves a port or re-enters a port, it is not just the vessel’s crew that work on/with the vessel. There is a whole network of specialised individuals and organisations who work together to ensure that the processing of a vessel and its goods is done effectively. This learning outcome will give learners an opportunity to understand this network and will learn how each of the different support activities are essential to port operations. Learners will be introduced to content including:

  1. Pilots, towage operators, and vessel traffic control
  2. Harbourmaster and security
  3. Mobile machinery and operators
  4. Stevedoring companies and transit shed operators
  5. Port maintenance and dredging operations
  6. Importance of support activities at a port

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